MBOSE Class X Social Science
Live now22 chapters · SSLC papers 2020–2026, solved
Chapters
Chapter 1 · The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Study this chapterHow the idea of the nation grew in nineteenth-century Europe, from the French Revolution to the unification of Germany and Italy.
- French Revolution and the idea of the nation
- Napoleon
- Making of nationalism in Europe
- Liberalism and conservatism
- The revolutionaries
- The age of revolutions (1830–1848)
- Unification of Germany and Italy
- Britain
- Nationalism and imperialism (the Balkans)
Chapter 2 · Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movements
Study this chapterHow Gandhiji's Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience movements brought different groups of Indians together against British rule, and where they fell short.
- First World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation
- The idea of satyagraha
- Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh
- Differing strands of the movement (towns, countryside, tribal areas, plantations)
- Towards Civil Disobedience (Swaraj Party, Simon Commission, Purna Swaraj)
- The Salt March
- How different groups saw the movement
- Limits of the movement
- The sense of collective belonging
- Map items
Chapter 3 · Industrialisation (1850s–1950s)
Study this chapterHow goods came to be made in factories instead of by hand, and what this change meant for workers in Britain and in colonial India.
- Proto-industrialisation
- The coming of the factory
- The pace of industrial change
- Hand labour and steam power
- Life of the workers
- Industrialisation in the colonies — the age of Indian textiles, what happened to the weavers, Manchester comes to India
- Factories come up in India
- Early entrepreneurs
- Where workers came from
- Peculiarities of industrial growth
- Small-scale industries
- The market for goods
- Map items
Chapter 4 · Print Culture and Nationalism
Study this chapterHow printing spread from the first books to newspapers and pamphlets, and how print helped shape new ideas, debates and Indian nationalism.
- First printed books
- Print in Europe and Gutenberg
- The print revolution, religious debates and the fear of print
- The reading mania and the French Revolution
- The nineteenth century
- India and the world of print
- Religious reform
- Women, the poor and print
- Censorship
- Print and nationalism
- Map items
Chapter 5 · Resources
Study this chapterWhat counts as a resource, how resources are classified and planned, and why using them sustainably matters for future generations.
- Meaning of resources
- Classification (origin, exhaustibility, ownership, status of development)
- Development of resources
- Sustainable development
- The Rio Earth Summit and Agenda 21
- Resource planning in India
- Conservation of resources
Chapter 6 · Land Resources
Study this chapterHow land in India is used, why soils differ from region to region, and how land degradation and soil erosion can be controlled.
- Land as a resource
- Land utilisation
- Land use pattern in India
- Land degradation
- Soil as a resource
- Classification of soils
- Soil erosion and soil conservation
- Map items (soil regions)
Chapter 7 · Water Resources
Study this chapterWhy water is becoming scarce, how multipurpose river projects try to manage it, and what problems large dams can bring.
- Water as a resource
- Water scarcity and the need for conservation and management
- Multipurpose river projects and integrated water resources management
- Problems of large dams
- And the dams to mark on the map
Chapter 8 · Minerals and Energy Resources
Study this chapterWhere minerals are found and how they are classified, the sources of energy India depends on, and why both must be conserved.
- What minerals are
- Modes of occurrence
- Classification
- Ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic minerals
- Rock minerals
- Hazards of mining
- Conservation of minerals
- Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
- Conservation of energy
- Map items (iron ore mines, coal mines, nuclear power stations)
Chapter 9 · Agriculture
Study this chapterHow Indians farm, which crops grow in which seasons and regions, and why agriculture matters so much for the economy and food security.
- Importance of agriculture
- Types of farming
- Cropping patterns (rabi, kharif, zaid)
- Major crops — food grains, sugarcane, oilseeds, tea, coffee, horticulture, rubber, fibre crops
- Technological and institutional reforms
- Bhoodan–Gramdan
- Contribution of agriculture to the economy
- Food security
Chapter 10 · Manufacturing Industries
Study this chapterWhy manufacturing matters for India's economy, what decides where factories are set up, and how major industries like textiles and steel work.
- Importance of manufacturing
- Contribution to the economy
- Industrial location
- Classification of industries
- Agro-based industries (cotton and jute textiles, sugar)
- Mineral-based industries (iron and steel, aluminium, chemicals, fertilisers, cement, automobiles, IT and electronics)
- Map items (cotton textile centres)
Chapter 11 · Lifelines of National Economy
Study this chapterHow roads, railways, pipelines, waterways, airways and communication networks bind the country together and support trade and tourism.
- Importance of transport and communication
- Roadways and their classification
- Railways
- Pipelines
- Waterways and major sea ports
- Airways
- Communication
- International trade
- Tourism as a trade
- Map items (major sea ports)
Chapter 12 · Meghalaya: An Overview
Study this chapterA close look at Meghalaya: its land, climate, rivers, people, matrilineal society, festivals, economy and tourist places.
- Location, extent and boundaries
- Formation of the state
- Physical divisions
- Climate
- Rivers
- Soils, vegetation and wildlife
- People, society and the matrilineal system
- Languages and festivals
- Economy — agriculture, minerals, power, industries
- Transport and trade
- Tourism
- And the agriculture and tourism places to mark on the map
Chapter 13 · Nature of Indian Federal Structure
Study this chapterWhat federalism means, how power is shared between the Centre and the states in India, and how it works in practice.
- Meaning and key features of federalism
- Coming-together and holding-together federations
- What makes India a federal country (three lists, residuary powers, special status, amendment, judiciary, revenue)
- Unitary features and emergency provisions
- Centre–State relations and the Finance Commission
- How federalism is practised (linguistic states, language policy, Centre–State relations)
- Decentralisation and local self-government
Chapter 14 · Popular Struggles and Movements
Study this chapterHow ordinary people bring about change through struggles, movements and pressure groups, with examples from Nepal and Bolivia.
- Popular struggles in Nepal (2006) and Bolivia (2000)
- Democracy and popular struggles
- Mobilisation and organisations
- Pressure groups and movements — sectional and public interest groups, single-issue and long-term movements
- How they influence politics
- Their relationship with political parties
- Whether their influence is healthy
Chapter 15 · Political Parties
Study this chapterWhat political parties do, why democracies need them, how party systems differ, and how parties could be made better.
- Meaning and components of a political party
- Functions
- Why we need parties
- Party systems (one-party, two-party, multi-party; alliances)
- Recognition by the Election Commission
- National and state parties
- Challenges to political parties
- How parties can be reformed
Chapter 16 · Women's Rights in India
Study this chapterWhat rights women have in India, the laws and schemes that protect them, and the challenges that still stand in the way of equality.
- Meaning of women's rights
- Status of women and gender inequality
- Constitutional provisions (Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties, local government)
- Laws protecting women
- Institutions and schemes
- The Women's Justice Initiative
- Women's political representation
- Challenges and measures
Chapter 17 · The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016
Study this chapterWhat disability means, the rights the 2016 Act gives persons with disabilities, and how society can become more inclusive.
- Meaning of disability and persons with disabilities
- Background (the 1995 Act and the UN Convention)
- Objectives and principles of the 2016 Act
- Types of disability and benchmark disability
- Rights and entitlements
- Education
- Employment
- Accessibility
- Social security and health
- Institutions and penalties
- Building an inclusive society
Chapter 18 · Sectors of the Indian Economy
Study this chapterHow economic activities are grouped into sectors, how GDP is measured, and how jobs can be created and workers protected.
- Primary, secondary and tertiary sectors
- Their interdependence
- GDP and the problem of double counting
- Historical change in sectors
- Rise of the tertiary sector in India
- Employment and underemployment
- How to create more employment
- MGNREGA
- Organised and unorganised sectors
- Protecting unorganised workers
- Public and private sectors
Chapter 19 · The Story of Development
Study this chapterWhat development means to different people, how countries and states are compared, and why development must be sustainable.
- What development promises
- Different and conflicting goals
- Income and other goals
- National development
- Comparing countries and states — national income, real national income, per capita income
- Infant mortality, literacy and net attendance
- Public facilities
- Human Development Index
- Sustainability of development
Chapter 20 · Money and Financial System
Study this chapterHow money replaced barter, how banks and credit work, and why cheap, fair loans matter for poor families and small businesses.
- Barter and the double coincidence of wants
- Money as a medium of exchange and its functions
- Modern forms of money — currency and bank deposits
- Banks as intermediaries
- The Reserve Bank of India
- Credit and its two faces
- Terms of credit
- Formal and informal sources of credit
- Self Help Groups
- The Grameen Bank of Bangladesh
Chapter 21 · Globalisation and the Indian Economy
Study this chapterHow multinational companies, trade and technology link countries together, and how globalisation has affected Indian producers and workers.
- Production across countries
- Multinational corporations (MNCs)
- How MNCs interlink production
- Foreign trade and integration of markets
- Meaning of globalisation
- Factors enabling globalisation — technology, liberalisation
- The World Trade Organisation
- Impact of globalisation in India
- Special Economic Zones
- Effects on small producers and workers
- The struggle for fair globalisation
Chapter 1 · Map Work
Study this chapterLearn to find and mark key places from your history and geography chapters, such as movement centres, dams, mines and ports, on an outline map of India.