Section 1 — Lines 1–6: the court at the lion fight
- Key lines explained:
- "King Francis was a hearty king, and loved a royal sport" — hearty = jovial, vigorous; royal sport = a lion fight, entertainment fit for a king.
- "The nobles filled the benches, with the ladies in their pride" — the whole court, dressed in splendour.
- "the Count de Lorge, with one for whom he sighed" — the lady he loved and longed for.
- "'twas a gallant thing to see that crowning show" — gallant = splendid; crowning show = the finest spectacle.
- "Valour and love, and a king above, and the royal beasts below" — internal rhyme (love / above); a neat ordering of the scene from top to bottom; lions are "royal beasts" as "kings of the jungle".
- Exam focus: 2027 specimen Q6(i).
Section 2 — Lines 7–12: the fight
- Key lines explained:
- "Ramped and roared the lions" — alliteration and inversion; ramped = reared up on the hind legs. (2025 specimen Q1(vii))
- "with horrid laughing jaws" — the open jaws look like a terrible grin; personification.
- "gave blows like beams" — simile; the paws strike like heavy wooden beams.
- "a wind went with their paws" — hyperbole; so powerful the air moves.
- "With wallowing might and stifled roar they rolled on one another" — wallowing = rolling heavily; stifled = muffled.
- "Till all the pit with sand and mane was in a thunderous smother" — a choking cloud of sand and fur; sound image.
- "The bloody foam above the bars came whisking through the air" — vivid visual image; whisking suggests speed and sound.
- "Faith, gentlemen, we're better here than there." — Faith = truly (a mild oath); the King's light-hearted relief.
- Exam focus: 2027 specimen Q6(ii).
Section 3 — Lines 13–18: the lady's scheme
- Key lines explained:
- "De Lorge's love o'erheard the King" — she heard his remark about "there".
- "a beauteous lively dame" — beautiful and spirited (2027 specimen Q6(iii): de Lorge's beloved).
- "With smiling lips and sharp bright eyes, which always seemed the same" — a smile that never changes (artificial, fake, expressionless) and eyes that are shrewd and cunning. (2027 specimen Q6(v))
- "The Count, my lover, is brave as brave can be" — she counts on his courage.
- "King, ladies, lovers, all look on; the occasion is divine" — she sees a perfect stage for display.
- "I'll drop my glove, to prove his love; great glory will be mine." — internal rhyme (glove / love); her real aim is her own glory — vanity.
Section 4 — Lines 19–24: the glove, the leap and the verdict
- Key lines explained:
- "She dropped her glove, to prove his love, then looked at him and smiled" — her action, and her confident smile.
- "He bowed, and in a moment leaped among the lions wild" — instant, silent courage; the bow is polite and perhaps ironic.
- "His leap was quick, return was quick, he has regained his place" — repetition and quick rhythm; the sudden shift to the present tense ("he has regained") makes the moment immediate.
- "Then threw the glove, but not with love, right in the lady's face." — the climax; internal rhyme (glove / love) now used ironically. (2027 specimen Q6(iv))
- "rightly done!" — the King approves de Lorge's action.
- "No love … but vanity, sets love a task like that." — the moral: true love would not endanger the beloved for show.